This brief describes the evolution of beneficiary-managed home and community-based services since the original demonstration and provides an overview of state activity as of January 2006. The Deficit Reduction Act of 2005 gives states the option to use this model for an expanded range of home and community based services in their state Medicaid plans without having to obtain a waiver. 

Spillman, Brenda C.; Black, Kirsten J.; Ormond, Barbara A. 

Real Choice Systems Change; Personal Assistant; Person Centered Planning; Medicaid; Formative Evaluation; Cash and Counseling; 1915c; Independence Plus Initiative; Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS); Real Choice Systems Change; Home and Community Based Waiver application; Deficit Reduction Act of 2005; Beneficiary participation; Beneficiary discretion in hiring and managing workers; Summary of State Activity Relating to Individual Budget Models of Long Term Care for the Elderly; Active or Planned Individual Budget Programs for the Frail Elderly; Other Programs and Activities Relating to Participant Direction 

Aging Issues, Consumer/Participant Direction, Developmental/Intellectual Disabilities 

Assessments, Reports 

Kaiser Family Foundation 

Arkansas, Connecticut, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Kansas, Louisiana, Maine, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Oklahoma, Texas, Virginia, All States/Territories 

01/04/2010 

Elizabeth Maguire
National Resource Center for Participant-Directed Services

elizabeth.maguire.1@bc.edu
617-552-0562